Electrical condenser



June 24, 1930. A NYM N 1,768,416

ELECTRI CAL CONDENSER Filed May 24, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet l June24, 1930. ANYMAN 7 1,768,416

ELECTRICAL CONDENSER Filed May 24, 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 c v ATTORNEY trative only and Patented June 24, 1930 4 UNITED STATES PAT-ENT OFFICE ALEXANDER NYMAN, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW. JERSEY, ASSIGNOB v'JIO DUIBILIER CONDENSER CORPORATION, A

coaro'narron or DELAWARE amorarcan CONDENSER Application filed Kay 24,

This invention relates to improvements in electrical condensers; particularly condensers for use in signalling apparatus.

An object of the invention is to provide 6 an electrical condenser which is designed to give "high efficiency and small losses and which is particularly adapted for 'high power radio circuits operating with short 'wave lengths.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will ap ear from the following description, and tie novelv featuresof my improvements will be defined in 'the, ap-' pended claims. But the disclosure is illus- I may .make changes in structural details to the full extentindicated by the general meaningsof the terms in which the claims are expressed.

' Onthe drawings,

Figure 1 is a front view of a condenser according to my invention;

Figure 2 is a section on the line 22 of Figure 1; v

Figure 3 is a side view of a central tubu- -lar member which forms one of theterminals of the condenser; Figure 4 is a section through one of the wedge blocks for exerting pressure upon the parts of the condenser; Figure 5 is a side view of a portion of one of the tightening elements or rods for the condenser; and Figure 6 is a modification. e The same numerals identify the same parts throughout,-on the drawings. v

The condenser presented in Figure 1 consists of a number of sections, each section made up of sheets of some suitable insula tion or dielectric such as mica, interleaved with sheets of conductive material, such as thin metal foil. .These sections 1 are arranged in pairs,, adjacent sections is a wedgeblock 4, having a hole 5 through it. The various pairs of sections with thewedge blocks between them are in sufficient number to makea complete ring or circle, and at the center of this ring is a tubular member 6 joined to each of the wedge blocks i bymeans of tightening ele- 'vertical, sectional view of a 11 may be used with washers to afford a and between each pair of 1924. Serial m5. 715,629.

ment or rod 7, the purpose of which is to draw the blocks towards the center, andmake the opposite inclined faces of the blocks 4 exert; pressure upon-the ends .of the sections. In order toenable these rods 7 to serve both for tightening purposes, and as electrical conductors, each rod may consist of a steel core 8, as shown in Figure 5,-with a sleeve or coating 9 of copper of the like,. which will offer comparatively little resistance to the electrical current. The rods 7 maybe affixed to the central member 6 in any suitable manner and the outer ends of the rods will he provided with threads 10 to receive nuts 11. When these nuts' are turned up they bear against the outer faces of the wedge blocks and force them in to-- wards the member 6. Of course, these nuts more advantageous engagement or bearing of the nuts upon the wedge blocks, if desired. As shown in Figure 1, the sections 1 and the blocks 4 making up the com lete ring illustrated in Figure 1 are so assem led,

that each pair of sections is placed end to end with the adjacent sections, except for the interposition of the blocks 4 between the various airs of sections 1. The sections of each pair have their'ends justaposed, but areso connected as to be in parallel with each other, and thus all of the sections will be in multiple and joined on the one hand to a circular lead 12, secured to one of the supply conductors 13 of the electric circuit in which the condenser is placed. In between the sections of each pair are inserted separator plates 14, which are also of some; electrically conductive material and united by short leads to the lead or bus bar 12, so that 'all of the sections may have one terminal joined to one extremity of the circuit through. the bus bar 12 and conductor 13. The other extremities of the sections abutting against the opposite faces of the wedge blocks 4, may be connected to the other extremity of the electric circuit through the rods 7 and the tubular member 6; this tubular member being of some electrically conductive substance such as metal, and the wed e blocks also being f some electrically 199 head 17, in a casin conductive material to enable the circuit through the various sections to be completed. Each section may consist of as many sheets ofniica 2 and sheets of metallic foil 3 as is desired. The sheets of foil 3 of each section will be in series with one another and only the separator plates 14 between sections will be in electrical connection with the bus bar 12 and the adjacent wedge blocks 4. Each of these blocks as shown in Figure 4, may be made of a coreof-wood 15, in a coating or shell 16 of copper, the copper covering all the outer faces of thewblocks. This kind of wedge block en ables the-assembled condenser to bemuch lighter, because the wood is of comparae tively little weight. It also enables the various sections 1 to be easily put into electrical connection with the rods 7, and with the nuts 11 to tighten the'se wedge blocks, and on account of the high compressive strength of wood, the blocks can exert all the pressure desired on the ends of-the sections 1. Besides serving as a terminal and as a stay for the rods 7, the tubular member 6 can also be made to act as a bearing so that the condenser can be mounted upon a suitable support. 7

A condenser of this type, assembled as described, made up of sections, the electrically conductive sheets of which are in series, while the sections themselves arein'parallel, contains relatively small internal resistance and entails comparatively small losses in practice. By means of the nuts 11 and the rods 7 the wedge blocks 4 can be forced in towards the center of the ring of condensers far enough to exert as much pressure as is needed against the ends of the different sections; and act to force the sheets of mica and tinfoil tightly together and maintain them in firm en agement over their entire area. Thus the fbrmation of cracks is prevented. The capacity'of the condenser can be maintained at the desired value and high efliciency of operation easily secured. Further, with the wedge blocks made up chiefly ofwood, but having an electricall conductive coating thereon, the losses 0 the condenser in operation are made considerably less than what they would be if solid metal blocks were employed. In Figure 6, I show a condenser comprising a central contact 18, and between this head and the inside wall of the casing 18,

which may be round, are placed a number of sections 1, in radial positions, held between the head 17 at one end, and between metallic clamping blocks 19 at their oppo-v site ends. The sides of the casing may carry a number of screws 20 engaging threaded holes in the sides of the casing and in line with the sections 1, so that when the screws are turned up, they force the sections tightly against the head and act in the same'manner as the wedge blocks 4 above described. From the top of the head 17 projects a central ter minal. rod 21, which may be reduced and threaded at its upper end tolreceive binding nuts 22 and enable the conductor of an electric circuit to be attached to this rod.

The top of the casing 18, which is closed,

may have a central opening through which the r0d'21 passes and surrounding this rod post 24 thereon to secure the other termina of the electric circuit in which the condenser is to be placed, thereto, the casing 18 and 5 the member 23 bein of metal or the like,

as will be understood. I may close the bottom of this condenser by a cover 25. Obviously, as many sections 1 may be mounted in the casing 18 in radial positions around the head 17 as may be necessary, and the head 17 may have a corresponding number of fiat faces 26, so that the sections 1 may be clamped tightly over their entire crosssectional area between the head 17 and the blocks 19. The central rod 21 acts as an inside conductor and the tubular member 23 as an outside conductor, and this arrangement of conductors for a condenser operating with short wave lengths confines the magnetic field, due to the current, and the electrostatic field, due to the charge in the condenser, so within the space between them, that the losses of the condenser in operation are materially reduced.

The inside of the casing 18 may be filled with some kind of insulating compound such as oil or wax impregnating the sections 1, or the casing may contain merely air between the interior surfaces thereof and the sections 1, and rod 21. Likewise,

I may impregnate the sections 1 of the condenser shown in Figure 1, with wax or the like to insulate these sections more effectively.

In Figure 1, it will-be observed that the sections of each pair have a common axis but owing to the inclined opposite faces of the blocks 4, the various pairs of sections have their axes out of alinement, and thus the successive pairs of sections with the blocks 4 between them make up the complete circle or closed ring, and thereby the sections are very advantageously held together.

Obviously, a condenser constructed as shown in Figure 1 can be enclosed in the casing 18 with the tubular member 23 shown in Figure 6. lVhen the condenser illustrated in Figure 1 is so enclosed, the tubular member 6 will be in the same position as the head or member17, and the separator plates will all be joined to the casing itself which will serve the same purpose as the bus bar 12, and one terminal of the circuit in which the condenser is to be used will be joined to the binding post 24. The other terminal of the circuit will be attached to the tubular member'6 and will be led in through the tubular part 23, the same as the-rod 21. For this purpose, the tubular member 6 may be extended out through the member 23 or a rod may be inserted through the member 23 and introduced into one end of the member 6 and electrically connected to the member 6. The end of such a rod may be 'ust large enough to fill the end. of the mem er 6, so that the body of the rod extending up through the part or member 23 will-be in central position.

Having described my invention, what I believe to be new 'anddesire to secure and rotect by Letters Patent of the United tates is 1. An electrical condenser comprising sections arranged in pairs, the sections of each pair being in multiple and a wedge block between each pair of sections to enable presring, we ge bdocks and extending towar s the center of the ring; and a member to which sure to be exerted thereon.

sure to be exerted thereon, in combination with a tightening element to act upon'the wedge block to secure the desired pressure.

4. An electrical condenser comprising sections arranged in pairs, the sections being placed end to end, but with the axes of each pair out of alinement, and a wedge block be- 7. An electrical condenser comprising a said blocks being of conductive material and being connected to one terminal of an electric circuit, and a terminal between the sections of each. pair, said terminals being connected together to join the opposite ends of the sections to the other terminal of an electric circuit.

8. An electrical condenser comprising a plurality of sections arranged in the-form of a closed ring, the sections being in pairs with wedge blocks between the adjacent pairs, tightening rods to draw the wedge blocks towards the center of the ring, atubular member at the center of the ring to which the rods are aflixed, plates betwee nthe sections of each pair, and a buslbar joined to said plates to enable the sections to. be

'joined at one end to one terminal of-an electric circuit, and at the other end through said blocks, said rods and said member; to the other terminal of the electric circuit.

9. An electrical condenser comprising a wedge block and a tightening rod, said rod consisting of a strong core with a coating of.

relatively high electrical conductivit 10. An electrical condenser comprising a wedge block consisting of a core of nonconductive material having a coating oi electrically conductive material upon its outer faces. y

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature.

ALEXANDER NYMAN.

tween the pairs to enable pressure to be exerted thereon, in combination with a tightening element to act upon the wedge block to secure the necessary pressureto be obtained. 5. Anelectrical condenser comprising a plurality of sections arranged end'to end to form a closed ring, wedge blocks in the ti htening elements engagin the the wedge blocks are secured at the center of the ring. J p

6. An electrical condenser comprising a plurality of sections arranged to form a closed ring, wedge blocks to exert pressure on the'ends of said sections, tightening elements to draw the blocks towards the center of the ring, a member at the center of the ring to which the said elements are secured, and a conductor. joined to one terminal of each section, theother terminal of each section of thecondenser being' electrical connection with one of said wedge blocks, and one of said elements. 

